Healthcare planners need important epidemiological metrics for vascular diseases like heart attack and stroke. For example, they need to know how often people have diseases of different types (‘incidence’), how severe these diseases are (‘case fatality’), and how many… Read more

Diabetes is a condition linked with abnormally high blood sugar, which can damage blood vessels and body organs. Blood sugar is regulated by a chemical called insulin. In type 1 diabetes the pancreas does not produce any insulin and mainly… Read more

Heart and diabetes related problems are the number one cause of death in the world. Also known as cardiometabolic diseases, many of them are common and well-known. Some however are rare or found in less than 1 in 2,000 people. Read more

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the commonest birth defect, affecting just under 1% of the population – at least 700,000 people in the UK. Work we have done in UK general practice patients, using information predating mass COVID vaccination, has… Read more

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines clearly state how to treat most people hospitalised with a heart attack, particularly people hospitalised for a heart attack involving a complete blockage of one of the heart’s main blood vessels… Read more

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers had to quickly adapt their approach to screening, diagnosing, and managing high blood sugar levels in pregnancy, known as gestational diabetes (GDM). To minimise the risk of viral exposure, care providers made changes to… Read more

With over one billion people on the move globally, the healthcare of international migrants is increasingly important in the design and delivery of health services. COVID-19 had a greater impact on minoritised ethnic populations and migrants in England. However, we… Read more

There is limited information describing the different ways people who have COVID-19 are managed. Different people have different treatments, sometimes no treatment at all. It is not known if outcomes (death or re-hospitalisation or other complications) vary depending upon how… Read more